What substance do bees produce for sealing cracks and gaps in the hive?

Bees produce propolis to seal cracks and gaps in the hive. Propolis is a resin-like substance gathered from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources by bees. They mix this resin with beeswax and their saliva to create a sticky, durable substance that has antimicrobial properties. This allows bees to protect their hive from pathogens and maintain a stable internal environment by sealing off unwanted openings.

While honey serves as a food source, beeswax is used to create the cells for honey storage and brood rearing. Royal jelly is a special food designed for larvae and queen bees. Each of these substances plays an essential role in the hive's ecosystem, but it is propolis that specifically fulfills the task of sealing and protecting the hive structure.