What is the primary reason for bees performing a waggle dance?

Bees perform a waggle dance primarily to communicate the location of food sources. This intricate dance allows for the transfer of vital information within the hive about the direction and distance of nectar and pollen sources. By moving in a figure-eight pattern and wagging their bodies in a specific direction relative to the sun, the dancing bee provides a map to the foraging bees, helping them find food quickly and efficiently.

The waggle dance is not used to indicate danger, attract mates, or establish territory. While bees have other means of communication for those purposes—such as through alarm pheromones for indicating danger—none are as elaborate or effective as the waggle dance for conveying information about food sources. Understanding the waggle dance is crucial for successful foraging, which is essential for the survival and productivity of the colony.