What distinct trait does Apis mellifera mellifera exhibit?

Apis mellifera mellifera, commonly known as the European dark bee or the black bee, is characterized by its distinct dark coloration. This trait sets it apart from other subspecies of honey bees, which may exhibit lighter colors. The dark coloration is not just an aesthetic feature; it can be an adaptation to certain environmental conditions, such as cooler climates where these bees are often found. Their dark bodies can absorb more heat, which is beneficial in colder regions.

While the other traits mentioned can apply to various honey bee subspecies, they are not exclusive to Apis mellifera mellifera. For instance, gentle behavior and high productivity can vary significantly among individual colonies regardless of the subspecies, and resistance to pests is also influenced by multiple factors including genetics and management practices rather than being a defining characteristic of this specific subspecies.