For how many years can American Foulbrood spores survive in beeswax comb?

American Foulbrood (AFB) is a highly contagious and destructive bacterial disease that affects honey bee larvae. One of the most concerning aspects of AFB is the longevity of its spores, which can survive in the environment, particularly in beeswax comb, for extended periods. The correct answer indicates that AFB spores can remain viable for up to 30 years in beeswax comb.

This long lifespan poses a significant challenge for beekeepers, as it means that contaminated equipment can harbor the spores and lead to future outbreaks of the disease even long after the initial infection. The resilience of the spores contributes to the difficulties in controlling and eradicating AFB, as it requires thorough cleaning and often the destruction of infected comb and equipment to prevent re-infection.

The other options, while they denote significant durations, do not accurately reflect the scientifically supported understanding that AFB spores can indeed survive and remain infectious in beeswax for up to 30 years, emphasizing the need for vigilance and proper management in beekeeping practices.